Columbia University, New York, MA (1993); M.Phil (1997); PhD (ABD) Political Science;
Lecturer, University of Tartu, Department of Political Science, (1997-); chair of Executive Board, PRAXIS Center for Policy Studies, Tallinn, (2000-); member of Executive Board of EuroCollege, University of Tartu (2000-);
Advisor to the President of the Republic of Estonia and Presidential Representative to the Presidential Roundtable on National Minorities (1997-99); member of Steering Committee, European Thematic Network-Political Science (1999-2001); member of Executive Board, Non-Estonians Integration Foundation (1998-2000), EUSSIRF Fellow, European University Institute (2001).